LibGuides: North Carolina Quakers, Anti-Slavery, and the Underground Railroad: Demographics of Slavery 1830-1860

1830	U.S. Census of 1830: Total population: 12,860,702 Black population: 2,328,642 (18.1%) Free 319,599 (2.5%) Slave 2,009,043 (15.6%)
	1830
	Total population.................................................	12,860,702
	White.......................................................	10,532,060
	Black.........................................................	2,328,642
	. Free..........................................................	319,599
	. Slave.........................................................	2,009,043

	Percent distribution by population group:
	Total population................................................	100.0
	White.......................................................	81.9
	Black.........................................................	18.1
	. Free..........................................................	2.5
	. Slave.........................................................	15.6

1840	U.S. Census of 1840: Total population: 17,063,353 Black population: 2,873,648 (16.8%) Free 386,293 (2.3%) Slave 2,487,355 (14.6%)
	1840
	Total population.................................................	17,063,353
	White.......................................................	14,189,705
	Black.........................................................	2,873,648
	. Free..........................................................	386,293
	. Slave.........................................................	2,487,355

	Percent distribution by population group:
	Total population.................................................	100.0
	White.......................................................	83.2
	Black.........................................................	16.8
	. Free..........................................................	2.3
	. Slave.........................................................	14.6

1850	U.S. Census of 1850: Total population: 23,191,876 Black population: 3,638,808 (15.7%) Free 434,495 (1.9%) Slave 3,204,313 (13.8%)
	1850
	Total population...................................................	23,191,876
	White.......................................................	19,553,068
	Black.........................................................	3,638,808
	. Free..........................................................	434,495
	. Slave.........................................................	3,204,313

	Percent distribution by population group:
	Total population...................................................	100.0
	White.......................................................	84.3
	Black.........................................................	15.7

1860	U.S. Census of 1860: Total population: 31,443,321 Black population: 4,441,830 (14.1%) Free 488,070 (1.6%) Slave 3,953,760 (12.6%)

	1860
	Total population...............................................	31,443,321
	White.......................................................	26,922,537
	Black.........................................................	4,441,830
	. Free..........................................................	488,070
	. Slave.........................................................	3,953,760
	American Indian.....................................................	44,021
	Asian.........................................................	34,933

	Percent distribution by population group:
	Total population................................................	100.0
	White.......................................................	85.6
	Black.........................................................	14.1
	. Free..........................................................	1.6
	. Slave.........................................................	12.6
	American Indian.....................................................	0.1
	Asian.........................................................	0.1